RESEARCH HORIZONS

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Dr. Nutan Jani

P. G. Dept. of Gujarati, S. N.D.T. Womenb s Unversity, Mumbai

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Land of the Gods, and lofty name,

Land of the fair, and beautyb s spell,

Land of the Bards of mighty fame

My native land, for eb er farewell

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HC B4B+C C C B1C LB+C C C. B;C B)C C WB;C CyC C C9C {C C qCB’C ~C C9 B!C B>C C9C C HB+C C C. B;C C9B3 B%C C {C C +C B)C {C C HC B4C lC C {C C C B4C B6C C B:C lC C C9B>C UC . B4B+C CNC ,

C B4C C C B>lC C , B4C C$C B4C yB+C ~C CiC C B4C iC C{C {C C B1C CyC C +C B)C {C C LC CB%C W B4C C SC HC C B)C B2B+C C . B1C C C HC B!C B+C lC C {C C B1C CyC C +C B)C {C C B!C C lC B;~C yC C+C C

C yB+C C . NC C C$C9CB6C CHC9 B’C aC SC C B+C CY+C >B9C C9SC Cr{C C HC B4C lC C {C C C7CHC HC9lC C C B1C C LC B1C LB+C C C . lB+C C C9B%C C q >B9C C9SC Cr{C C

HC B4B+C B1C C LC {C {C C NC C lC yC CB)C C ~C eC.

XC NC C {rSC Cr B%C B;C C+C WC B)C {C CC YB4C {C SC C C9mC B1C LB+C CC UC lC C B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC (1824-1873) 19 B)C C B;C qC{C C

B%C CNC C B3C HC B4C lC C {C CC B)C B>lB4C ~C CiC C {C C B)C UC . B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC +C yC CC {C H B%C CNC C B3C HC B4C lC C {C C B!C B4C lC CH UC . WC B;B;C C C C9

YB1B1C C {C C B;C NC {rC NC C B)C C W{B)C C B1C C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C B4C HCB1C C ~C lC C {C C B;C C oC C HB1C HnC C C9B>C B4C C {C C lC H B)C B3C B1C C. C B>CqC

HC C B1C C WB)C C C +COC YB)C C C C B6C KC iC B1C CyC CC. 1843 B)C C C lC C B)C iC C C MC B;lC C yC B)C C +CNC CHC C9 HB+C C C C {C C B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C B)C

+~C {C C B4B+C CC. B4C yC C +B’B+C C B;C B)C C C7C lC C +C C C B%C B6C ~C HC C B1C C WB)C C C NC B+C C . lB+C C C B%C CNC C B3C, +COC Y, B;C CB;HClC A~C C9C ClC OC CH,

B1C C C7C{C , WB)C C{C , B$C {SC , C B>B%C B’C C B:C C +C C B6C CLB+C C . lC C +C C lC C B)C B1C {C C lC C B1C CNC C B’C C B:C C ~C iC XiC lC C B>lC C . B6C B0B)C C C +COC C YB)C C C

B1C LC lC C +C HC B4C 1858oC C B%C CNC C B3C B’C C B:C C B)C C C B1C LC lC C oC B+C C B1C C . b C lC B1C C C nC B)C C B;C CB’C B4C b lC C B)C iC C B1C LC C B1C CC ~C B>C B1C CC HC B4B+C . HC B4B+C {C C C

NC CB’C CC9 C B4C B:C B+C +{C C B)C B>C HC B4B+C {C C +{C CB0~C UCq (+C B)C mC C KC C9) B!C B+C C C VB+C C C . B%C CNC C B3C ~C B+C C C9 UCq +{C C +COC Y B%B1C C {H

B4C B;C C B%C C{C C B)C C C lC C B)C iC C {C CY +C B4C B6B+C HlC C B)C CWB%C {C C B#C C9B#C C9C C HC9C{C C +C UCqC C {C C {C B4C CC W B0~C +C ~B+C CC. B6C B0B)C C C lC C C

B!C C lC C B:clC C B4C wB4C C {C C C {C C lC C +B0C SC HC9 B1C C NB+C C C . ~C iC lC C UCq B;B4C CHClC B%C {B+C C C . b B)C C PC {C C q B4C yC b {C C B)C {C C B%C CX B)C B>C HC B4B+C B)C C C

C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC C +C UCq ~C C{C & B!C B+C C C VB+C C C . +C HC B4C +C {C CY B;C WCHB)C CrC oC C B%C CNC C B3C HC B4C lC C {C C B;C B)C CyyC B%C {C C B4C C

UC . B)C C PC {C C qB4C yC +C B)C {C CC AnC B)C HC B4B+C UC . +C B)C C C B%C C C9C lC +{C C mC iC C qB4C B;C B;C CyC C SC C B1C {C C C9C C9C B)C -C9C B4C iC B4C SSC C {C C B+C Cu{C CC

C iC C{C {C B4C B;C NC C C”B)C C C HC9B4C C B)C C C +C B4B+C CC UC . HC B4C {C C +C yC CC {C H C B4C SC C C9C C +C HC B4B+C {C C C B4C B6C C B:C lC C UC . ~C C C$C9C C iC H

C B4C B:C B+C B4C B;lC C{C C +C yC C C9C C9SC C B+C C B1C C +C HC B4B+C B)C C C B’C C B4C C C -C B4C SC C C9C C {C C +C yC CC {C HlC C {C B4C CC W B4C C lC C B4C C9iC {C CB)C C” UC . +C B)C C C C9C B)C

{C C B1C KB)C iC {C C C ~C C mC C C B)C C yC {C C q{C C ~C C mC HC9lC C C ClC C9lC C HC C C7C{C C +C B1C C LB+C C UC . B)C C PC {C C q{C C ~C l{C C B!C C B)C B1C C +{C C B;C ClC C {C C

C C mC C C {C CC +C B1C C LC {C HC B4B+C lB4C {C C SC C9B)C B;C CB)C C +C ~C B>C C!SC C UC . +C B)C B>C HC B4B+C C B4C B6C C B%C CNC C B3B)C C C LC C B;B;C C C CB>C ~C C C B> XNC C B1C C C lC C B)C

UlC C C +C {C C mC iC oC C B4C yC C +C B4C CC nC +C C oC > +C B4C C lC W +C HC B4C {C C B;C WCHB!C C B;C C u{C C C LB+C C B1C +C ~C C UC .

B4C CC9C CNC {C C B)C B>C HC B4B+C B)C C C rC C$~C qC, B6C CHClC B1C C , B’C C {C CB)C C lC , B6C C~C CiC LC C C, lC C C9C B4C NC C C9C B4C CC9C CNC {C C +C C {C C ~C C C lC C {C C

C B!C B+C lC B)C B!C lB+C C {C C B)C {C C C B’C C B4C C C {C CC B)C C C B>H B4C iC C{C B)C B3C UC .b B5C XCNC {C C b B)C B>C HC B4B+C B)C C C HCB:iC {C C C B4C C9B>B)C C C C B4C B>B4C B3 C9C yC C {C C C

C B4C B!C B1C CB’C B6C CCNC C C9 AqC nC +C B’C B4B+C CGlC ~C C B)B+C C C UC . C MC B;lC C yC B)C C +CNC CHC C9 HC9{C C C9C B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC ~C C B;C C oC C C B>CqC

B)C B>C HC B4B+C C C {C C C B4C B:C B+C B4C B;lC CB4C C B3C WC B)C B>C HC B4B+C C C B)C B2B+C C UC . lC C lC C B)C {C C LC C9C {C C9C B’C ClC C9C B4B+C CGlC B)C nC C {C C C LB+C C B1C ~C iC +C ~C C

UC .

B+C CB4C C B4C B+C C , HC C B1C C WB)C C C B>lC C lB+C C C9C B)C C <HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC C qC C9B+C C ~C C C9{C C qC B6C B)C C C LB+C C lC C ~C C B)C B4C C +COC YB)C C C

HC B4B+C B1C C LC {C HC9C B1C CC.

(160)

To cross the lastAtlantic wave

For glory, or a nameless gave.

+C ClC C C9H B’C C B4C C C , C B4C SC C C9C C {C C B4B+C GlC HC9lC C lC C B)C {C C C B;C C C {C C C7C C +C B)C {C C B;B4C ~{C B’C CC B)C {C C C C {C qC”B6C HC9C UC . @NC B1C C {e

W> lB+C C C B4C B;C B4C C {C C C +C HC B4C {C C C B)C {C B;C CB%C C C ~C C$B;C C {C C +B’C C B4C C ~C CC9C C {C oC lC C C lC C +C C HB)C C B4C C {C C B;C C yC {C {C C B6C C C yC B)C C C B)C rC B;C

W>{C C B;oC C B+C C oC B+C C B1C C . b B)C rC B;C B;C GB+C CCB1C C9b , b B;~C C HC7C C7C9b , b +C oC C C {C B+C B)C b B4C NC C C C9C B;C C B)C C B+C HC C B)C C C lC C B)C {C C +COC Y HC B4B+C C C

C7CB)C C C oC C ~C C {C ~C C C +C B)C b {C C A~C {C C B)C C B!C NC C7 oC B+C C B1C C C. 1848 B)C C C lC C B)C iC C b yC HC ~C7CB4C B1C C eCb {C C B)C {C CC +C B)C {C CC B;C B4C C C”HCB:C7

qCPC CHC B4B+C +COC C YB)C C C B1C LB+C CC ~C UCoC C B%C C C C9B;C7C9 oC B4C C lC C +C C ~C C C C9B;C W> ~C B>C C!B+C C B1C C . +B>CC lC C B)C iC C WC B;C C C {C C C7 B1C LB+C C C lC C

C UCoC C b SC lC CqCB6C ~C qCb {C C {C C B)C C OC CoC B;oC oC B+C C UC . B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C +B’C C q CC B)C C+C C +{C C B4B+C CGlC lB4C {C C +lC B1C

C B)C C C C +C B;C C C {C C C7B)C C C HCeC C9C B+C C UC . ~C C9B’C CC B)C ~C C9 +{C CB’C B4C C B1C C B)C C lC CB’C CC B)C B)C C C7C {C C lC CB5C lC C , B;B4C C B’C CB)C C{C C C AlB;C B4C C C , B%C CNC C B3{C C

HC B4C +C C {C C B;B)C CC lC +C C , B4C NC C C9C +{C C H B’C C B4C B;~C Cq{C C C +C B)C {C C C B;C C C {C C C7B)C C C C B4C B:C B+C C C UC . +C B;C C C {C C C7HC B4B+C C C ~C iC C MC B;lC C oC B+C C B1C C

C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C +C ClC C9 B4B+C CGlC lB4C {C C C LB+C C B1C +C ~C C UC .

C C PC B4C B+C CGlC B’C C B:C C , B’C C B4C {C CC B1C B+C B%C u B4C B>{C +{C C yC C C9C SC C C C7 ~C B>C C!SC C e{C C C9C +C B;C C C {C C C7HC B4B+C C C B)C C >HB1C

C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C HB1C C lB)C HlC C {C C C B6C LC C9 B;C B)C C {C UC . +C HC B4C C B4C B6C C B;C CHCB)C C C9 B;C C {C B%C CNC C B3C B;C C C B>lB+C {C C >C lC B>C B;C {C C

~C C9C LC C B)C C C {C C C!yC C UC . B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC B4C C B;lC B4C B)C C C +C H B!C B%C B3 B;C C C B>ClB+C H JC CC lC HC C9C B>lC C +{C C +C WC

C C C9B4C lC C{C B1C C B4B+C C lC C +C H B;C C C B>ClB+C H JC CC lC B>lC C. lC C B)C {C C B+C CNC {C C B!C yC C {C SC C lC {C C ~C CC9C iC C B;C B)C B+C {C C ~C C9C~C C9C +{C C

NC CCNC B3C B4C C qC lC C B4C C B0hC SC CB;lC lC C B;C C B)C C {C C C C B4C rC C B> B>lC C C .

C B)C {C C YB4C {C +{C C HB4C {C ~C C UB3 B%C CNC C B3C B;C B)C C WYB4C {C {C C C qCPC C >C lC B>C B;C UC . B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC oC C

C CNC C B3C HC B4C lC C B)C C C WC {C B4C C ~C uC lC +C C {C CC B!C B4C lC C{C oC B+C CC +C {C C +NC lB+C {C C C B1C KC iC C C C B4C rC C B> +{C C +C B4C C NC UC . HC B4B+C C B4C B:C B+C ,

xC B:C7, C {C B0~C iC +{C C B’C C B:C C B)C C C B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C C JC CC lC HC C9C ~C C C9B4C lC C{C C C +C iB+C C C. B4B+C C GlC B;B4C C lC CmB+C {C C C C B>B)C C B+C lC C

C C:C C7CB6C YB4C {C ~C yyC C lC oC C B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C CC YB4C {C B!C B’C C C B4C lC oC B+C C B1C CC, lC C oC C HC B4C lC C B)C C C ~C iC +C W ~C eyC C C

C NC C7CB+C C C .

1867 B)C C C lC C +C C B+C CC9C C ~C oC C ~C C UC B#B+C C C {C C HB1C HnC C CB)C C B%C C C C9B;C7C9 lC C9CHC HC B)C B6C B0 HB+C CC. ~C iC +C HC B)C {C C

+C lC B6C B+C B%C C C WoC C B)C C CqNC CB)C C C ~C C7HC B+C C , yC CB)C C yC CB)C C +C C oC CH C B;oC C lC HoC B3B4C C B1C C NC C. 1873 B)C C C lC C C B;C C B4C ~C oC C C9CB4C B6C

oC B+C C +{C C 29 WC{C 1873 +B4C B;C C {C ~C C B)B+C C . UC B1B1C C C qB4C B;C C C B)C C C +C B1C ~C CC9{C C yC B)C C CqC B>C C C B;~C C7B1C B)C C C qC LC B1C oC B+C C B1C C .

+B4C B;C C {C {C C mC iC C qB4C B;C ~C B>C B1C C C B)C C HB%C C oC {C C ~C CC HlC +C C B;C lC lC NC iC NC iC lC C C9B>C B1C C .

Tomorrow, Tomorrow, Tomorrow

Crips in this petty pace from day to day,

To the last syllable of recorded time.

C B)C SC Cr B%C CyC C C ~C C yB+C C B+C (1838-1903) +{C C {C B4C C{C SC Cr B;C C {C (1864-1909) B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC {C C

C B>lB4C {C C +{C CB+C C B+C C HC B4C +C C UC . B>C B)C SC Cr{C CC b B4C CnC B;C CB>C C9b B)C B>C HC B4B+C {C C C!yC {C CB+C UC . >C7C C B1C B+C {C HC B4C qC {lC C {C C B)C B>C HC B4B+C

eCB4C C >{C HC C B)C C eC) {C C +C yC C C9C B1C LC C B+C C B1C CC UC B+C C B)C oC C A~C C9C ClC b C SC nC lC C9CC NC iC Cb , b B4C CC9B%C C B>C qB6C B)C B>C C B4C vC b B4C NC C C9C

C B) C {C C C HC B4B+C C C AB1B1C C L C {C CB+C U C . b HC B4C lC C B4C B1C Cb B;C CO C B>B)C C C OC Co C B;oC HC B4B+C C C B) C C C + C B) C {C C C + CN C lC +{C CB’ C B4C C C lC C B) C W B;B4C q C B6 C C C B’C B)C C {C {C C C

XC B;B;C C C B!C NC C7 oC B+C C C UC . b B’C C C9lC NC ClC b {C C B)C {C CC +C B)C {C CC HC B4B+C lC lHC B1C C{C B%C CNC C B3B)C C C C9C B:C7CNC ClC WC C7B1C CC B!C C B;C C u ~C C B)B+C CC

lC CC. WC +C B)C {C C HC B4C lC C B4C B1C C {C C B%C CY +C B4C CC nC B)C C C HC B4C ~C C C lC C HB1C HnC C {C C B>C >HC C C7C{C C B;C C9HC C9C B4C HCB1C B>C C B4C C {C C B1C CyC C

C C{C &B)C CC rlC {C B>C C lC CC HC9C B+C CC. (+COC C W C9C W{C C {C C C HC9C{C C +C ~C iC +C H C B4C SC C C9B4C C B+C C C NB+C B%C C B%C lC UC .)

~C B1C C C B6C C9 B+C CyyC b HC B4B+C oC C B%C CNC C B3B)C C C XiC ClC C oC B+C C B1C C {C B4C C{C SC Cr B;C C {C B;B4C qC B6C C C B’C B)C C {C {C C B’C C B4C {C C {C C B;C CSC C C9CB0~C C

HC B4B+C B%C yyC HC9C B6C GB+C C UC . HCB:iC {C C B%C C B3B1C CB1C C +C C {C CC HC B4B+C b C9C$B4C lC Hb , B)C B>C B’C C C9lC {C C B;C C CB;C C C C9lC B;C CB%C CyC C C {C CC C {C B0~C iC

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(161)

HCC9CKC C mC b B)C C C +{C C b B!C B’C C B;C b HC B4B+C B)C C C ~C C9B)C C lB)C C {C C C B4C C9C C7 B)C CNC B1C B)C B+C B;B4C B0~C {C CC B4C iC C{C oC B+C CC UC . +C C B;C B4C C B+C B%C CyyC SC C C9mC

C iC C{C {C CC HC B4B+C +C B)C lC C B’C ,SC C$lC {B+C B1C CB1C C {C CC NC C {C b +B)C ClC C B’C b +{C C >B;C C C MC B;lC C B1C CB1C C +C C {C CC NC C {C b LC CB:C7b HC B4B+C C C B)C C C B)C B3C

UC . b +B4C HC B6C C9CW{C Cb B;C COC B>{C C HC B4B+C C C B)C C C YB4C {C {C C qC{C qB6C C {C CC HC C9CiB+C B4B+C GlC oC B+C CC UC .

C CC9C {r{C C oC B)C WCB)C qC C9 +{C C C B%C B>C C9CB1C C B1C SC JB4C lC C{C C HC B4B+C C C 19 B)C C B;C qC{C C B%C CNC C B3C HC B4C lC C {C C C WCqC C W

C B)C XW qC LC B4C C U. B;C CC9C {r{C C oC {C C B)C C B>B1C C HC B4B+C B)C C C {C C C9C{C C +{C C H B0~C C C {C CC B;C CSC C C9C B4C iC C{C +ClC C {C C C9C{C C B)C C lC CB0~C {C C

lC CC lC B;C CyC C ~C B>C C!SC C UC . C B%C B>C C9CB1C C B1C SC JB4C lC CC{C CC b B6C C C9qC B)C CNC B1C b HC B4B+C HC B4C lC C qC B4C C{C C SC C9iC C NC B+C C B1C C HC B4C {C CC qC B;C lB4C

qC LC B4C C UC . +KC B+C HCB)C C C9 SC C C$yC C9C, >B6C C {C SC Cr B%C CqC C ~C C yB+C C B+C , C wWC {r{C C oC cC HCC9, C NC C9C{rB)C C C B>{C qnC , B;B4C iC CHCB)C C C9C

qC B4C C, HC C B)C {C C C9C B+C , B4C NC C C9C C9C C B)C C C {C7H HC B4C +C C {C C HC B4B+C B;C CC B:C7+C ~C iC 19 B)C C B;C qC{C C B%C CNC C B3C HC B4B+C ~C C9C~C C9C {C C ~C CB:C7

HC9B4C C B)C C C ~C C C lC C {C C C B#C B3C C {C C C!yC C B4B+C C C UC .

C CNC C B3{C C B;C C CB;HCC lC H ~C C C9B4C lC C{C {C C C >C lC B>C B;C B)C C C C9B4C C{r{C C oC C7C NC C C C9{C C (1861-1941) +C C B4C B’C C CB4C +C C=C B+C CW{C H

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The History of Bengal : Shankar Jdunath.

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Political Centers and Cultural Regions in Early Bengal : Barrie M. Morrison.

Glimpses of Bengal in the Nineteenth Century : R. C. Majumdar – 1919

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) B%C CNC C B3C B;C C C B>lB+C {C C >C lC B>C B;C {C C B0~C C9C LC C , B;C CHCB)C C C9 B;C C {C , B;C C C B>lB+C +HC qB)C C, {C B4C C C qB1B>C, B!C . +C . 1982

) B%C CNC C B3C B;C C C B>lB+C {C C C >C lC B>C B;C B)C B>C B6C CHC9 qB4C C .

) C B1C C7C9C B+C C9 +C C B# B%C C CNC C B1C , +C C9,B;C C qnC HB1C HnC C 1887

) B%C C!NC C B1C C C C9C B1C C WB+C B;C B1C CC C9GB;C >. W. oC C C B)~C B;C {C ,HB1C HnC C 1923

) B%C CNC C B3C HC B4B+C HC B’C CC B)C HC HB%C CC9 B>CB)C C B+C CC 1961

) B4C CC9C CNC {C C , B)C C >HB1C B)C yC CB;C Cq{C qnC , 1951

0) NC ClC C CWC B1C , C9B4C C{r{C C oC C7C NC C C C9, 1935

1) {C C$B4C C v,C9B4C C{r{C C oC C7C NC C C C9, 1862

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